The Role of Leadership in Emplyee Performance Free Essays

string(462) connection between authority improvement and employees’ execution in Customs home office in Iran? Is there any relationship among administration advancement measurements and employees’ performance? Which measurement of administration advancement has the most elevated effect on employees’ performance? Examination writing Leadership is the capacity to urge others to attempt enthusiastically so as to get certain reasons (Davis, 2010: 423). Global Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology Volvo. 2 NO. 5; August 2012 Impact of Leadership Development on Employees’ Performance (Case Study: Employees of Customs Headquarters) DRP. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Role of Leadership in Emplyee Performance or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Java Merriam Department of Public Management, Gavin Branch Islamic Cad University, Gavin, Iran DRP. Mohammad Their Organization Department of Management, Borderer Branch Islamic Cad University, Borderer , Iran Shirring Ensnare Department of Management, Borderer Branch Islamic Cad University, Borderer, Iran Baton Samuelsson Postgraduate of Business Management Panama-Mourn college, Tehran Share Ray unit and Educational Services Expert in college of Safaris, Iran Abstract Objective: The current review has been directed to examine the â€Å"role of authority advancement on employees’ execution in Customs central station of the Islamic Republic of Iran†. Approach: Descriptive-relationship strategy was utilized in this review and the factual populace included workers of Customs home office equivalent to 600 seventy eight (678) people. Test volume was chosen through arbitrary class inspecting technique that was equivalent to 200 fifty (250) people. Survey was utilized to gather the necessary information and information investigation was practiced utilizing Inferential measurements tests, for example, Pierson relationship coefficient and bit by bit relapse examination notwithstanding clear insights Indexes, for example, mean and standard deviation. Discoveries: Findings uncover that there Is a critical and positive relationship among administration advancement and Its measurements with employees’ execution. End: It Is inferred that approval, training and improvement and strengthening have the most elevated effect on representatives execution separately. Catchphrases: administration improvement, instructing, training and advancement, strengthening, investment in dynamic, approval, execution Introduction Leadership Is a puzzling procedure that has been considered correspondingly by average citizens, researchers and analysts since the far past. It Is one of the significant five assignments of directors In some direction messages. Initiative meaner craft of Influencing the subordinates so they lead pre-decided strongholds In the structure of specific purposes willfully and excitedly (Swahili Shrine, 1995: 15-19). It appears that human relations, his activity would be directed to fulfillment and improvement of employees’ execution consequently. Today legislative and private associations expect to upgrade their administration quality and this won’t be satisfied except if with a decent administration, reasonable authority and moving towards information and innovation progression (Regain, 2005: 230-247). 54 O Center for Promoting Ideas, USA www. Bureau. Com As using employees’ capacities is beyond the realm of imagination without successful authority presence of initiative as the driving variable in employees’ inspiration, making points of view, upgrading employees’ ability, instruction and imp rovement of the hierarchical roses and arranging purposes and projects are critical to acquire authoritative targets (Moravia, 2009). Significant undertaking of Customs as one of the legislative associations is to control imports and fares legitimately so as to get obligations, forestalling to import non-standard and unhygienic items, controlling importation and exportation of certain items to manage the inner market and so on. Disregarding the above cases would be directed to social and social variations from the norm notwithstanding their unsafe effects on the inner creation and financial stagnation through changing the way of life and taste of buyers towards nonstandard and pirated items and makes bewilderment in the monetary framework by predominance of remote producers on the inward markets and builds joblessness and the related issues. Since exact and viable execution of Customs’ guidelines and maintaining a strategic distance from the above issues has an immediate relationship with Customs’ administration and execution of its workers as financial outskirts of the nation it is planned in the current overview to respond to the accompanying inquiries given to the above issues. Is there any connection between initiative turn of events and employees’ execution in Customs central command in Iran? Is there any relationship among administration improvement measurements and employees’ execution? Which measurement of administration advancement has the most elevated effect on employees’ execution? Exploration writing Leadership is the capacity to urge others to attempt energetically so as to get certain reasons (Davis, 2010: 423). It is a procedure where the executives of the association attempts to encourage his errands to satisfy authoritative purposes by making inspiration and a powerful connection and urges workers to lead their assignments anxiously and energetically (Alvin, 1996: 137-138). Initiative turn of events: past, present and future Leadership advancement is upgrade of capacities and making point of view for inspiring and coordinating of people towards decided purposes. It incorporates segments, for example, instruction and advancement, investment of people in dynamic, training, Job strengthening and approval (Lowlier, Gold Smith Karate, 2005). Administration advancement has gotten accomplishments in two earlier decades among which we can allude expanding of the executives improvement techniques and coordination among the administration and mineral well known progressively and makes more examinations be centered around initiative abilities and issues with respect to non-coordination in working undertakings and life (Werner-Brome Hughes, 2009). Administration advancement at workplace Nowadays trailblazers speak to aptitudes and strategies with respect to authority improvement through techniques, for example, instructive projects and training and apply them in main problems. Individuals could acquire significant aptitudes by joining such headings and genuine business conditions and subsequently it is workable for associations to discover significant, simultaneous and related issues and manage them. At long last motivation behind initiative improvement incorporates activity not information. Thusly, authority advancement at present meaner giving learning chances to individuals through work not keeping them unapproachable from the workplace and obliging them to learning. In addition, the best understanding of associations is to discover the position of authority as a key factor in all Job levels and that they are resolved to make compelling pioneers over their associations. Growing increasingly individual and better pioneers isn't the main centering purpose of administration advancement despite the fact that this issue is still significant. Initiative is progressively characterized such that it isn't Just identified with leader’s acts rather it is a procedure which makes another age of pioneers and successful relations that their emphasis is on pioneers and colleagues’ collaboration (La]Verdi, 2011). Authoritative execution Organizational execution is getting hierarchical and social purposes or going past them and directing obligations embraced by individuals (Heresy and Blanchard, 1996: 504). 55 Research theories Primary theory There is a connection between administration improvement and employees’ execution. Auxiliary theories 1-There is a claims among training and employees’ execution. 2-There is a connection among training and improvement and employees’ execution. 3-There is a connection among strengthening and employees’ execution. 4-There is a connection between interest in dynamic and employees’ execution. 5-There is a connection among approval and employeesâ€℠¢ execution. Applied model of the study In this study administration advancement and its measurements (instructing, training and improvement, strengthening, cooperation in dynamic and approval) are viewed as autonomous rabbles and execution is viewed as needy variable. Initiative improvement Coaching Performance Education and advancement Participation in dynamic Authorization Research philosophy The current study was directed utilizing graphic relationship strategy. Factual populace included representatives of Customs central station in 2011. Volume of the factual populace was equivalent to 678 people among which 386 people were male and 292 people were female. Test volume was resolved equivalent to 250 people utilizing Creakier and Morgan table and relative class examining strategy was utilized. Subsequently, bit of each class (male and female representatives) was first determined in the measurable populace and a similar proportion was seen in the example as well. Factual example of workers contains 142 guys and 108 females by sex detachment. Two specialist independent polls were utilized for administration improvement and execution to gather the necessary information. In spite of the fact that these surveys were standard and standardized, perspectives on consultant and managing teachers were looked into to decide legitimacy of the polls. Cockroach alpha coefficients of administration improvement and employees’ execution polls product equivalent to 0. 89 and 0. 86 separately which outlined high reliabil

Mr. Joe Hall, Who Is The Former President And Chief Operating Officer

Mr. Joe Hall, who is the previous President and Chief Operating Officer of Food Lion, talked about different exercises which he learned while managing various organizations for a mind-blowing duration. He talked around nine exercises specifically that he had found. These exercises were about character in the working environment, connections, trust, depending on rules, getting business, tutors, persistence, activity, and gaining from botches. Mr. Lobby expressed that each business is a people business and this is something that you need to apply in each activity which you have. In all employments you should manage individuals and make a relationship with these individuals. The way in to this is to exploit these connections and fabricate them to a point where they are useful to you, both at work and off. He said that he frequently utilized these connections to comprehend what was occurring on the floor of the Food Lion distribution centers and to remain educated on what makers were effectively delivery and what makers were over-transportation or under-transportation. Utilize these individuals to further your potential benefit to guarantee that you realize what is happening in your business. So as to set up these connections, you should make a special effort to converse with representatives and build up companionships with them. Individuals consistently appear to respond all the more decidedly to an individual who they thin k about a companion, or if nothing else have no motivation to consider them in any case. Another factor to building up these connections is trust. This agrees with the worker considering you to be a companion and not an enemy. Individuals are significantly more agreeable when they accept and trust you. Mr. Lobby likewise remarked that you should assemble a trust account in the working environment, which you can draw on when you do allow somebody to down. On the off chance that you generally satisfy your vows to somebody, at that point when you let them down will be a lot simpler. It is a basic matter of doing what you state you will do. Another theme on which Mr. Lobby talked was the utilization of encouraging feedback. It ought to be utilized to convince representatives to do what you need them to do, yet they are troubled about doing. You should remunerate positive activities and rebuff negative or unfavorable activities. Lobby talked on the way that one must realize what business it is that he is in. He ought to get familiar with all aspects of the business that he can and afterward ensure that he really comprehends the business. One should likewise know and wary of the things which are the key drivers in the business which they are a section. He referenced the way that youthful representatives will have been with a normal of nine organizations when they are 32 years of age, potentially fortifying this reality that most agents don't comprehend the business which they are in. At last, Mr. Lobby discussed fulfillment in work. He expressed that you should discover what genuinely makes you glad and seek after that field or occupation. In the event that you are upset in an occupation, at that point it will make your life hopeless. You should know yourself and see what you need as cheerful. Also, he said that we should figure out how to pick up something from our slip-ups and remove something from them. Everybody is going to commit errors en route, yet the ones that succeed are the ones which underwrite and gain from these slip-ups. Try not to be hesitant to commit these errors either, for that will just leave you unfit to face challenges and advance your vocation to the following level.

2. Individual Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

2. Singular Report - Coursework Example With its trend setting innovation it is utilized by numerous shoppers since it meets their requirements. In addition, the report gives an away from of how the Sony items have an effect in the market, the system that can make Sony progressively rewarding, the brand devotion of the camera and the significance of consumer loyalty. The principle point of the report is to comprehend the Sony camera as a brand and the buyer satisfaction with its items. Comprehension of the item gives better dynamic for both the organization and the clients of its items. Along these lines, the report’s point is to conclude the estimation of both the camera’s sway as a brand and the endorsement by its clients There are a few targets in this report length from characterizing Sony camera brand, making a technique for Sony camera, inquire about the brand steadfastness, examination and assessment of Sony camera brand value and significance of consumer loyalty. To astonish its clients, Sony blends the amazing information with its creative innovation. Sony is known for creating extraordinary various media innovation by its ideals of driving edge innovation. Sony has constantly kept up its vision through contribution present day innovation and computerized ideas while cooperating with the buyers. Thusly, the organization stands to offer greatness to its clients. Besides, their consistency and devotion toward administration draws the organization nearer to the clients. The organization flaunts the main camera without a mirror-less framework. The prevalent idea of the organization in various media innovation gives the organization a superior edge in the market. The creation of this kind of mirror-less camera opens another day break for camera innovation having being a fantasy in the previous years. In spite of the way that Sony has assembled its name in the whole gadgets industry, their camera house is a home to a scope of cameras. Besides, the organization is perceived for its unwavering quality

Quality Assurance Implementation Concerns Medicine Research - 825 Words

Quality Assurance Implementation Concerns Medicine Research (Essay Sample) Content: Quality Assurance Implementation ConcernsStudents Name:Institution:Factors that could inhibit implementation of a QA (Quality Assurance) program at the Hospital.Clinical Reminder Systems: The systems require a rapid response time, available computer equipment as well as enough expert know-how of the software to be attainable for use throughout repetition hours. Their association with heightened patient consequences remains unevaluated (N.Lohr, 1990). * Accreditation for Organizations: Accreditation is evidence which certain efforts of quality assurance like staffing policies, grievance procedures pursued or requiring specific credentials (N.Lohr, 1990). * Generic Screening: It is ineffectual in detecting quality problems. For instance, reports of the proportion of cases which are unsuccessful after the initial screens and should be reviewed further range from 14% to 30%. Only a portion of those cases would be revealed to possess true quality problems (N.Lohr, 1990). * Outcome Data: Rates of hospital-specific mortality are further limited in their utility unless they use lots of patients from each hospital, many hospitals, changes in the main characteristics of a hospital, and comparison over time to diminish the difference in the outcome of chance (N.Lohr, 1990). * Health Status Assessment: Comparing expected health with observed health needs empirical data on the illness natural history as well as on the treatment effects. Information like this is yet missing for numerous illnesses. More important, connecting lower-than-expected health condition to a deficient as well as recognizable care elements is frequently challenging and limits the outcome-based techniques value for quality valuation (N.Lohr, 1990). * Licensure: Board Certification and Licensure are of significance. After the moment licensure has been acquired, the power to practice medicine is only legally constrained by medical and criminal malpractice law. Licensure of a physician is u sually for life, and in case of a license renewal, no new competence demonstration is needed. Numerous states have introduced certain CME (Continuing Medical Education) necessities as a license renewal condition (N.Lohr, 1990). * Clinical Indicators: Reports of patients are prone to error in survey methods, like favoritism because of non-response by persuaded population subgroups as well as mistakes in recollection. General queries enquiring about gratification characteristically lead to inflated patient evaluation in contrast to particular questions. The patients inability or ability to magistrate practical maintenance excellence is also a challenge as is regarding for the ill effect and the health care environment effect on patients valuation (N.Lohr, 1990). * Appropriateness and Patient Management Guidelines: Guidelines are commonly implemented without or only haphazard evaluation or pretesting. Frequently they lack requirements for bringing up-to-date or adjustment grounded on n ew familiarity, on their effectiveness to clinicians, or on their effect on care. For patients possessing multiple chronic conditions, guidelines might be of restricted use due to the fact that the formats quickly turn out to be too multifaceted for easy reference (N.Lohr, 1990). * Retrospective Evaluation of Process of Care: The criteria and standards development needs efficacy evidence or at least effectiveness. Retrospective evaluation, which is generally grounded on medical record appraisal for cost reasons, unobtrusiveness and practicability, is subject to medical record review eminent limitations (N.Lohr, 1990). * Use of Large Administrative Data Sets: For quality valuation, administrative databases are believed to possess considerable drawbacks. For instance, databases might exclude crucial information like information on service and provider location, cost or certain events, and might accumulate them in a manner which obfuscates connection to other files (N.Lohr, 1990).Defen se Mechanisms are: * Displacement: Redirecting emotions to another goal (Freud, 1985). * Denial: Believing/claiming that what happens to be true to be in fact false (Freud, 1985) * Projection: Ascribing painful feelings for others (Freud, 1985). * Intellectualization: Take an impartial perspective (Freud, 1985). * Rationalization: Developing false but reasonable explanations (Freud, 1985). * Regression: Getting back to behaving like a kid (Freud, 1985). * Reaction Formation: Exaggerating in the contradictory way to the panic (Freud, 1985). * Sublimation: Redirecting wrong wishes into publicly tolerable activities (Freud, 1985)....

Corporate Social Responsibility And Its Impact On The...

There have been many changes in the way businesses are managed today than it was just a few years ago. Not too long ago, it used to be which product is the cheapest or which one is the most valuable, while nowadays these are not the important criteria in the product purchase process and there are many new factors that consumers consider. Many corporations understood these changes in society that evolved the Corporate Social Responsibility concept and its implications on the companies’ actions. New Balance, one of the biggest footwear companies in the world, was one of the first companies that saw the hidden potential in applying this concept. Despite the applications of social responsibility in the company’s daily activities, it faced difficulties in receiving recognition for its actions because of wrong actions that the company had made in regard of active communication with its stakeholders, difficulty in defining organizational understanding of what social responsibi lity is and more. In this case, I will present and analyze the actions that New Balance has to perform in order to have stronger and more successful CSR policy in the company. New Balance was founded in the early twentieth century by a waiter named William J. Riley and in 1972 it was bought by its current owners James and Anna Davis. As the owners of the company they managed to lead it to the fourth biggest brand in the shoe industry today. 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The business approach and corporate philosophy of an organization is easily altered due to economic pressures, technological

The Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes, Zora Hurston...

Could the color of your skin really affect who you will evolve to be? Maybe not as much now but definitely over 100 years ago before the modern period occurred. The world has transmuted so much from segregation to integration and diversity is now seen more as auspicious. The beginning of this transformation unlocked new opportunities for black cultures and their arts, music and writings as the Harlem Renaissance emerged. However, the expedition to acquire this great change was filled with tribulation. Glancing back, it is perspicuous that the years 1914-1945 made a vast alteration in our nation’s outlook from the skills and talents of the valiant African-Americans; along with the authors that wrote to divulge their struggles such as Langston Hughes, Zora Hurston and Countee Cullen. The Harlem Renaissance was a period of modernism from 1914-1945 that enabled the African-American culture to thrive. In particular: author’s writings, jazz music and artists, incorporated the ir culture through their expressive art forms. This was a period that gave blacks more freedom to display their abilities. Also, many African-Americans came from the South in hopes of contributing. It encouraged many interracial activities like dancing and singing (Bayme, Levine, 2013). It wasn’t just a literary movement; it was a period that assisted in our integration and racial rights today. Many of the leaders that supported this era, ended up being heroes of which we now read about in school. So notShow MoreRelatedA New Beginning For African Americans Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmovement became known as the Harlem Renaissance, which is also known as the â€Å"New Negro Movement†. With this movement, African Americans sought out to challenge the â€Å"Negro† stereotype that they had received from others while developing innovation and great cultural activity. 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First known as the quot;New Negro Movement,quot; it was later named the Harlem Renaissance. nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;ThisRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Movement By Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, And Ralph Waldo Ellison931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Harlem Renaissance Movement represented a period of artistic and intellectual change that initiated a new identity on black culture. Often called the â€Å"New Negro† Era, the Harlem Renaissance opened doors for African American to express themselves in the form of visual arts, musical elements, and even performing arts during the 1920s. Due to this movement, Harlem became the city that â€Å"gave African Americans a physical cultural center.† [1] Renowned black artists such as Zora Neale Hurston, Langston

Mental Health of a Person-Free-Sample for Student-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Mental Health of a Person. Answer: Introduction Mental health of a person refers to the emotional and psychological health of a person. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that it is a state of psychological health of a human being who is working at a suitable level of emotions and behavior. It affects our mental behavior, helps us to know the feelings, the ways to handle stress and keep good relation to others. Mental health is also very much important at every stage of the life, i.e. from childhood to adult (Cohen-Mansfield et al. 2017). Millions of people in Australia suffer from mental disorder such as depression, anxiety, drug addiction and personality disorders. Dementia is one among the mental disorder which leads to the declination of the mental ability. It is a group of symptoms which affects memory, ability to think and decide. Dementia generally causes memory loss but there are other reasons too for the loss of memory. Symptoms The symptom of dementia varies on the cause which includes both cognitive and psychological changes. The cognitive changes are memory loss, faces difficulty in communication, reasoning, doing their personal works, coordination, confusion and disorientation. The psychological changes are personality disorder, depression, anxiety, agitations and hallucinations (Low, Yap and Brodaty 2013). Dementia is caused due to damage of nerve cells in the brain, which occurs in several areas of the brain. It generally affects people depending on the region of the effects. Dementia can be caused by many factors. These are age, family history, Downs syndrome and cognitive impairment. Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are generally temporary and always react to each and every changes going on in the surroundings. It is referred to the suppressing symptoms of dementia which includes changes in behavior such as agitation and aggression. BPSD have been defined as symptoms of distress, mood or behavior, found in patients with dementia. Other terms used for these symptoms include neuropsychiatric symptoms or non-cognitive symptoms (Taemeeyapradit, Udomittipong and Tepparak 2014). Two services, from different countries, or cultural groups within Australia, which support the person with BPSD. Consumer directed home and community care services for older persons Consumer directed care is a type of care where the treatment is done according to the choices of the patients. Customer coordinated home and group administrations programs give members and their delegates more decision with respect to their administrations than do customary projects (Fleiner et al. 2016). In customer coordinated projects, some piece of the control over administrations shifts from the expert to the individual with handicaps and his or her delegate. Contingent upon the program, purchasers might have the capacity to pick their administrations and backings, who will convey them, what's more, when they will be conveyed. Buyers might have the capacity to contract and terminate singular laborers, or, then again deal with an individual spending plan for administrations and backings. Those with dementia speak to a substantial minority of clients of Medicaid home and group mind programs. Their families enable them to stay at home by eagerly giving mind, frequently despite many difficulties, including behavioral side effects and expanded reliance as dementia advances (Fabbo et al. 2014). Elderly and non-elderly members in consumer coordinated projects and their family parental figures have better results identified with personal satisfaction, autonomy, and fulfillment with mind than the individuals who depend on organization administrations. Nature of care is in any event as great in purchaser coordinated projects. Vitally, thinks about have discovered no deliberate confirmation of mishandle and disregard of members in consumer directed programs. This confirmation is especially convincing in light of the fact that the outcomes are reliable over various distinctive nations with fluctuating social customs and projects (Fick et al. 2014). In spite of the many advantages, purchaser coordinated projects additionally introduce extraordinary difficulties for purchasers with dementia and their family parental figures (i.e., dementia families). Alongside potential advantages come expanded administration obligations regarding buyers. These obligations can be especially troublesome for dementia families to oversee. Individuals with dementia inevitably encounter loss of basic leadership limit and capacity to convey and in addition behavioral indications that can be hard to oversee. Family parental figures of individuals with dementia encounter more anxiety and poorer wellbeing results than do different parental figures (Macfarlane 2017). More established grown-ups with dementia or psychological weakness are at higher danger of mishandle and disregard, counting self disregard, than their companions, issues which likely come from the indications of dementia and parental figure trouble. Buyer coordinated home and group administrations programs give members and their delegates more decision in regards to their administrations than do conventional projects. In purchaser coordinated projects, some piece of the control over administrations shifts from the expert to the individual with incapacities and his or her agent. Contingent upon the program, buyers might have the capacity to pick their administrations and backings, who will convey them, also, when they will be conveyed (Chen et al. 2014). Purchasers might have the capacity to contract and terminate singular laborers, or, then again deal with an individual spending plan for administrations and backings. Those with dementia speak to a huge minority of clients of Medicaid home and group mind programs. Their families enable them to stay at home by readily giving mind, regularly even with many difficulties, including behavioral manifestations and expanded reliance as dementia advances. Individuals with handicaps and their parental figures, incorporating those with dementia, advantage from cooperation in customer coordinated projects. Elderly and non-elderly members in purchaser coordinated projects and their family parental figures have better results identified with personal satisfaction, autonomy, and fulfillment with mind than the individuals who depend on office administrations. Nature of care is in any event as great in buyer coordinated projects. Essentially, thinks about have discovered no orderly confirmation of manhandle and disregard of members in consumer directed programs. This proof is especially convincing in light of the fact that the outcomes are predictable over various diverse nations with differing social customs and projects. In spite of the many advantages, customer coordinated projects likewise display exceptional difficulties for buyers with dementia and their family parental figures (i.e., dementia families). Alongside potential advantages come expanded administration duties regarding purchasers. These duties can be especially troublesome for dementia families to oversee. Individuals with dementia in the long run encounter loss of basic leadership limit and capacity to impart and additionally behavioral side effects that can be hard to oversee. Family guardians of individuals with dementia encounter more anxiety and poorer wellbeing results than do different guardians. More seasoned grown-ups with dementia or psychological hindrance are at higher risks of abuse, counting self disregard, than their associates, issues which likely come from the indications of dementia and guardian trouble. Integrated care Integrated care is considered as a procedure to enhance the conveyance, effectiveness, customer results and fulfillment rates of social insurance. To coordinate the care from different suppliers into a customer centered administration, the agreements must be executed like streamline data. The Development Model for Integrated care (DMIC) depicts of 9 groups containing 89 components which are needed care of dementia. We have observationally approved this model and by evaluating the significance, usage and plans of the components in the integrated care settings. Criterion 1 pathophysiology of BPSD Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), otherwise called neuropsychiatric side effects, speak to a heterogeneous gathering of non-psychological side effects and practices happening in subjects with dementia. BPSD constitute a noteworthy segment of the dementia disorder regardless of its subtype. They are as clinically important as psychological side effects as they firmly relate with the level of utilitarian and subjective impedance. BPSD incorporate fomentation, unusual engine conduct, tension, joy, touchiness, melancholy, lack of concern, disinhibition, dreams, visualizations, and rest or craving changes. It is assessed that BPSD influence up to 90% of all dementia subjects throughout their ailment, and is freely connected with poor results, including trouble among patients and parental figures, long haul hospitalization, abuse of solution, and expanded human services costs. Despite of the truth that these side effects can be available independently it is more typ ical that different psychopathological components co-happen at the same time in a similar patient. In this manner, order of BPSD in bunches considering their regular course, forecast, and treatment reaction might be valuable in the clinical practice. The pathogenesis of BPSD has not been unmistakably depicted but rather it is likely the aftereffect of an unpredictable transaction of mental, social, and organic variables. Late investigations have accentuated the part of neuro-chemical, neuro-pathological, and hereditary elements fundamental the clinical indications of BPSD. A high level of clinical mastery is significant to suitably perceive and deal with the neuropsychiatric indications in a patient with dementia. Blend of non-pharmacological and watchful utilization of pharmacological mediations is the suggested restorative for overseeing BPSD. Given the unobtrusive viability of current techniques, there is an earnest need to recognize novel pharmacological targets and grow new non -pharmacological ways to deal with enhance the unfriendly results related with BPSD. Criterion 2 qualities of a reflective practitioner GPs and the staff (like nurses) have an important part for supporting the patients who are suffering from dementia. It is necessary that the persons suffering from dementia must go for a daily basis check up with their familiar doctor. Expanding role for the GP GPs need to develop their abilities to survey, distinguish (counting analyze) and treat dementia and its regular causes. Patients who you know have dementia however can't or won't go to authority centers ought not be denied of finding, support and drug. Conclusion of Dementia is a disorder (basically cerebrum disappointment) influencing higher elements of the mind. There are various diverse causes. There is no single 'dementia test'. Subjective decay, particularly memory misfortune alone, is not adequate to analyze dementia. There should be an effect on every day working identified with a decrease in the capacity to judge, think, design and compose. There is a related change in conduct, for example, enthusiastic lability, crabbiness, indifference or coarsening of social aptitudes. There must be proof of decay after some time (months or years as opposed to days or weeks) to make a conclusion of dementia insanity and dejection are the two most normal conditions in the differential det ermination. Criterion 4 Demonstration of the service models Costs and consumer preference have provoked a shift from long term hospital care of an elderly patient of dementia to home and community based care. The point of this audit is to assess the results of coordinated or purchaser coordinated home and group nurture more established people, incorporating those with dementia (Hirakawa, Chiang and Aoyama 2017). An efficient survey was led of non-therapeutic home and group tends to slight more seasoned people. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, AgeLine, Scopus and PubMed were looked from 1994 to May 2009. Two specialists autonomously audited indexed lists. Thirty five papers were incorporated into this survey. Evidences suggested that randomized controlled trials demonstrated that case administration enhances work and suitable utilization of medicines, builds utilization of group benefits and lessens nursing home affirmation. Confirmation, for the most part from non-randomized trials, demonstrated that coordinated care expands benefit utilize; randomized trials detailed that incorporated care does not enhance clinical results. The least quality confirmation was for shopper coordinated care which seems to expand fulfillment with care and group benefit utilize yet has little impact on clinical results. Studies were heterogeneous in technique and results were not steady. The results of these models of care vary and relate to the model's core interest. (Low et al. 2013) Criterion 5 Pathophysiology of Dementia and BPSD The persons who are taking care of the dementia patient found that the behavioral symptoms are the most difficult and challenging effects of the disease. The carers must remember that it is the first and most important thing for them is to know the cause of the disease and the ways to do the treatment. Common BPSD in different stage of dementia Early stage Irritability Anxiety Depression Middle and late stage Sleep disturbances Physical or verbal outbursts Emotional distress Restlessness, pacing, shredding paper or tissues and yelling or wandering Delusions Hallucinations Others Aggression Anxiety or agitation Confusion Repetition Suspicion Bold behavior Inappropriate dressing People with dementia can act in various and capricious ways. Remember that the individual is not acting thusly intentionally. Causes dynamic decay of mind cells drug and therapeutic condition Reactions of professionally prescribed solution are another basic contributing component to behavioral manifestations. Symptoms are particularly liable to happen when people are taking numerous solutions for a few wellbeing conditions, as that makes the potential for tranquilize associations. Anybody encountering behavioral side effects ought to get an intensive medicinal assessment, particularly when manifestations show up all of a sudden. There are some cases which can trigger behavioral side effects that lead to contaminations of sinus, respiratory tracts, and issues with hearing or vision (Hum et al., 2014). Ecological impacts New environment, for example, moving to another habitation or nursing home Changes in the environment or parental figure courses of action Physical discomfort Overstimulation Convoluted assignments Baffling collaborations: failure to impart adequately Treatment With genuine treatment, side effects can be altogether decreased and settled. Successful treatment relies upon perceiving which manifestations the individual is encountering, making a cautious evaluation and distinguishing conceivable reasons for the side effects. Treatment regularly adopts a two dimensional strategy: non-sedate treatment systems and doctor prescribed solution. Criterion 6 Home and community care services expect to help the more established people to live freely in their homes, and to keep up or upgrade their personal satisfaction for whatever length of time that conceivable. A scope of administrations may add to this point including home nursing, housekeeping, shopping, transport, social gatherings, home visits and associated wellbeing. Administrations are conveyed through a scope of areas including general wellbeing, social administrations, and private for benefit or not-revenue driven associations. The subsidizing and regulatory frameworks through which administrations are conveyed contrast crosswise over and inside nations (Xiao et al. 2014). There was the most and most noteworthy quality proof, including from randomized controlled trials, that case administration enhances clinical results, diminishes nursing home confirmation and doctor's facility utilize (Nakanishi and Nakashima 2014). There was poorer quality proof, for the most part from non-randomized trials, that incorporated care builds benefit utilize, and higher quality confirmation from randomized trials that integrated care does not increase clinical results. The least quality confirmation was for consumer integrated care, which seems to build fulfillment with care and group benefit utilize however has little impact on purchaser results. Case administration diminished utilization of administrations, perhaps by diminishing the requirement for such administrations, however coordinated care expanded utilization of administrations, conceivably by encouraging access to required administrations (Hashimoto, Takamatsu and Kawashima 2015). Characteristics of dementia friendly environment Dementia-friendly design not only enhances the wellbeing of residents living with dementia but enables aged care providers to create sustainable environments. Thats according to architect Kirsty Bennett, manager of environmental design education services at the NSW/ACT Dementia Training Study Centre (DTSC), who said it was a myth that providers had to be simplistic when it came to designing dementia-friendly environments. Researches had shown that these principles helps to reduce the negative outcomes for people with dementia, such as agitation, confusion and wandering behaviors, and increase positive outcomes in areas such as mobility, way of finding and activities of daily living (Parmar et al. 2014). There are 10 principles of DTSC to maintain the conditions of dementia people. These principles are used to reduce the risk, to provide balance, reduce awkward condition, optimizing cooperative motivation, supporting progress and commitment, to create a familiar space, to provide opportunities to have some personal space establish good relation with the community and respond to an idea for way out of problems (Burns, Jayasinha and Brodaty 2017). Conclusion The qualities of the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are seriousness among patients with dementia and their guardians' anxiety. A cross-sectional distinct investigation of 158 patients with dementia, blended vascular dementia and in a Hospital were chosen by a successive testing. The BPSD and seriousness of dementia was surveyed with the help of a questionnaire known as NPI-Q Thai, the Global Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), the Mini Mental Status Thai rendition 2002 (MMSE Thai 2002), and a clinical determination(Chen et al. 2017). Agreement of a therapist and a neurologist as indicated by demonstrative criteria of DSMIV-TR was accomplished for each patient. RESULTS: Overall, 90.5% had no less than one BPSD side effect. Basic side effects were peevishness (60.8%), rest issues (57%), wretchedness (54.5%), tension (52%), and unsettling/animosity (44.9%). The slightest basic manifestation was eating issues (23.5%). The parental figures appraised the patient 's physical manifestations as more extreme than mental side effects. The less effecting side effects included crabbiness, dejection, and nervousness. BPSD were usually found among patients with dementia (Iliffe, Manthorpe and Drennan 2017). The main five side effects were crabbiness, rest issues, melancholy, uneasiness, and unsettling/animosity. Assessment of BPSD, as well as feeling and enduring of the parental figures ought to be evaluated by utilizing the NPI-Q. This would enable the clinician to design fitting treatment. Physical side effects were seen via parental figures as causing the most anguish and pain, while mental manifestations were seen as less serious. Additionally studies ought to be done, for example, the elements identified with weight of parental figures of dementia with BPSD. References Cohen-Mansfield, J., Hai, T., Marcu, C. and Freedman, M., 2017. The ultimate outlier: Transitional care for persons with dementia and BPSD.Current Alzheimer research. Low, L. F., Yap, M., Brodaty, H. (2013). A systematic review of different models of home and community care services for older persons. BMC health services research, 11(1), 93. Taemeeyapradit, U., Udomittipong, D. and Tepparak, N., 2014. Characteristics of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, severity and levels of distress on caregivers.Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand= Chotmaihet thangphaet,97(4), pp.423-430. Fleiner, T., Dauth, H., Zijlstra, W. and Haeussermann, P., 2016, September. Effects of a Days-structured Training Program on mental and Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia Patients (BPSD)-Results of a randomized controlled Study. InZEITSCHRIFT FUR GERONTOLOGIE UND GERIATRIE(Vol. 49, pp. S58-S59). TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG. Fabbo, A., De Vreese, L.P., De Salvatore, L. and Marchesi, C., 2014. Diagnosis and treatment of behavioural disorders in dementia: a the network of services in Modena according to the model ALCOVE.International Journal of Integrated Care,14(9). Fick, D.M., McDowell, J., Mion, L., Kolanowski, A., DiMeglio, B., Kitt-Lewis, E., Monroe, T. and Inouye, S.K., 2014. FACILITATING PERSON-CENTERED CARE FOR THE PREVENTION OF DELIRIUM IN HOSPITALIZED PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA.Alzheimer's Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association,10(4), pp.P530-P531. Macfarlane, S., 2017, May. TREATMENT OF DEMENTIA WITH BPSD-THE SBRT EXPERIENCE. InAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY(Vol. 51, pp. 65-65). 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. Chen, R.C., Liu, C.L., Lin, M.H., Peng, L.N., Chen, L.Y., Liu, L.K. and Chen, L.K., 2014. Non?pharmacological treatment reducing not only behavioral symptoms, but also psychotic symptoms of older adults with dementia: A prospective cohort study in Taiwan.Geriatrics gerontology international,14(2), pp.440-446. Hashimoto, Y., Takamatsu, A. and Kawashima, E., 2015. P. 5. b. 006 Tandospirone for anxiety and agitation in frontotemporal dementia.European Neuropsychopharmacology,25, p.S584. Burns, K., Jayasinha, R. and Brodaty, H., 2017. Evaluation of an electronic App developed to assist clinicians in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).International Journal of HumanComputer Interaction, pp.1-9. Nakanishi, M. and Nakashima, T., 2014. Features of the Japanese national dementia strategy in comparison with international dementia policies: How should a national dementia policy interact with the public health-and social-care systems?.Alzheimer's Dementia,10(4), pp.468-476. Chen, L.Y., Lin, Y.T., Chen, L.K. and Loh, C.H., 2017. Person?centered dementia care for older veterans with dementia in Taiwan: Past, present and future.Geriatrics Gerontology International,17(S1), pp.4-6. Parmar, J., Dobbs, B., McKay, R., Kirwan, C., Cooper, T., Marin, A. and Gupta, N., 2014. Diagnosis and management of dementia in primary care.Canadian Family Physician,60(5), pp.457-465. Hum, S., Cohen, C., Persaud, M., Lee, J., Drummond, N., Dalziel, W. and Pimlott, N., 2014. Role expectations in dementia care among family physicians and specialists.Canadian geriatrics journal: CGJ,17(3), pp.95-102. Xiao, L.D., Wang, J., He, G.P., De Bellis, A., Verbeeck, J. and Kyriazopoulos, H., 2014. Family caregiver challenges in dementia care in Australia and China: a critical perspective.BMC geriatrics,14(1), p.6. Hirakawa, Y., Chiang, C. and Aoyama, A., 2017. A qualitative study on barriers to achieving high-quality, community-based integrated dementia care.Journal of Rural Medicine,12(1), pp.28-32. Iliffe, S., Manthorpe, J. and Drennan, V., 2017. Dementia care in the community: Challenges for primary health and social care.Dementia, p.161.

The State of Homelessness in America free essay sample

With the issue of poverty in the United States continuing to grow, it is time to put a stop to it. 500,000 individuals living in the United States are currently homeless. Another 6,520,000 citizens are currently employed. A simple and easy fix would be to force the homeless and unemployed citizens to live within their local landfill. Each state will be assigned one landfill for it’s citizens to reside in. This would provide the homeless people with a nice cardboard box or newspaper to sleep on. These individuals will not be able to escape due to the electric fence surrounding them. They can’t live unsupervised so the previous landfill workers will remain there to provide them with supervision. They would be assigned a job allowing them to sort through recycling, ultimately helping the enviorment. Society will be making constant donations to these homeless citizens by providing them with their thrown away, leftover food. We will write a custom essay sample on The State of Homelessness in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The citizens of the landfill will never have to worry about being hungry again. Knowing that it is for a good cause, people will feel better about throwing away millions of dollars of wasted food. Homeless people will also get great use out of peoples used toiltetries, appliances, and furniture that they have decided to throw away.Not only would these suffering Americans get a place to call home, they also get plenty of food to make sure they have the necessary strength to complete their job of sorting through trash. Many Americans may feel as if this solution is too inhumane and cruel but it benefits everyone. The homeless are given a place to live, food to eat, and are finally employed. The city residents are rewarded through the use of reuseable goods. With the poverty rate continuing to rise this seems to be the only solution, giving the homeless a life they deserve and the city residents peace knowing that the poverty stricken individuals will no longer be roaming the streets.

Persuation essays

Persuation essays Have you ever driven down the road in some town somewhere and saw a person wearing different clothes than you or selling their cultural arts and crafts, that are unusual to you, but not to them? Have you wondered where they got that idea from, or who taught them that? Im talking about a persons general ignorance about someone elses culture and beliefs. About how concentrating more time in school as a kid learning about your American History. More than just Columbus came here and discovered America, and that the Indians were discovered by the Europeans. What about who was here before Columbus landed? How long had they been here for? These sort of things will lead the minds of our young into real stories of tribes and kings, and wars, and the realization that there was more beyond 1776 when our founding fathers founded our country. You know, I think also that it would open our eyes to each other more and less towards turning away. So lets take a look at Americas History, not the United States of America, but the island of America. According to The Smithsonian Encyclopedia, traditional theory held that the first Americans crossed the land bridge from Siberia to Alaska around 11,500 years ago (par 1). These folks were the Clovis people, named after a town in New Mexico, where their fluted spear points used for hunting mammoth were in 1932. Then there were indications that boats were actually in use as far back as 25,000 to 40,000 years ago and now there is evidence suggesting that people with boats moved along the coast of Canada, California, Peru, Ecuador, and Chile date between 10,000 and 12,000 ago and others are buried under the coast line(par 3). Now looking beyond the remains, there are people who are trying to uncover the truth about the New World. These people are scientists who are researching theses remains and others like them to determine the biological as...

War on Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

War on Terror - Essay Example One of the most negative instances of the "War on Terror" occurred at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, as the reader finds out in John Barry, Mark Hosenball and Babak Dehghanpisheh's "Abu Ghraib and Beyond;" many detainees, suspected terrorists, and Taliban fighters, were tortured by U.S. soldiers in an effort to extract information. The instances of torture were photographed and eventually made their way to the press and widespread viewing around the world. In the ensuing session of finger-pointing as to who was responsible, the soldiers who committed the acts claimed to have been told to do so by their superiors; their commanders denied having instructed them to humiliate the prisoners and torture them. The end result was that the soldiers were punished, Donald Rumsfeld's credibility was decimated, and the Islamic world became enraged at the American treatment of the prisoners. The names of the worst "interrogators" are given in the article, for they often stripped and tortured the inmates, rather than simply interrogating them. It is commendable that the article is not written in a way that condemns Lynndie England (one of the stars of the illicit torture photographs), but it points the blame higher to military officials, with being overt in doing so. Given the timing of the article (soon after the torture incidents, in the spring of 2004), the authors of the article show quite a bit of restraint in reporting the events at Abu Ghraib. Unlike most of today's reporting, the article is written in a matter of fact manner, without a lot of the leftist rhetoric found in today's reporting of the war (or anything having to do with George W. Bush). Additionally, it should be noted that in 2004, it was considered un-American to take the U.S. military to task on their behavior in the Middle East. This article shows a great deal of bravery by the authors, for the res ponse to the piece could have been quite negative.

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Research Paper - 1

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations - Research Paper Example Lou and Jose have planned to open a sports bar and restaurant, but they seem to have insufficient funds to support their business plan. Miriam, an investor, wants to provide capital to start the business on a partnership basis but has no time to participate in the day to day affairs of business. Lou and Jose have the option of either to accept the proposal of Miriam or to take loans from other institutions as they are short of fund. It can be stated in this respect that it will be profitable for Lou and Jose to accept the proposal of Miriam which would facilitate the sufficiency of the fund in return of a certain percentage of ownership, thus reducing the debt as well as interest rate risks. However, it is worth mentioning that prior to launching a business as a partnership concern, legal agreements should be signed explicitly documenting the rights and liabilities of each member. The other most important criteria in the bar and restaurant business are to acquire the license to serve alcoholic beverages to the customers. In addition to the alcohol supplying license, the entity should also acquire entertainment license from the local government which includes the permit to broadcast sporting shows on large television screens along with facilitating live amusement activities and dance performances. Since the business requires heavy investment in furniture, dà ©cors, and other types of equipment, necessary investments should be made in terms of insurances so as to avoid any risk related to these factors.

Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Essay University of Phoenix Material Outline and Introductory Paragraph Worksheet Create an outline and introductory paragraph in preparation for writing a complete Personal Plan due in Week Five. Use the following information to assist you with the content of your outline and introductory paragraph: †¢ Ethical Lens Inventory results †¢ Career Interests Profiler results †¢ Career Plan Building Activity: Competencies results †¢ Your SMART goals, including those identified in the University of Phoenix Material: Goal Setting Use the following to assist you with the writing of your outline: †¢ Sample Outline in the CWE †¢ MyFoundationsLab: The Writing Process †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Prewriting Outline: Introduction: 1. Topic: What the results say versus what I thought about myself. a. Subtopic: Seeing my strengths and weakness b. Subtopic: Figuring in my SMART goals 2. Topic: How to build off of my competencies a. Subtopic: What areas need to be improved b. Subtopic: What jobs I may look for in the future Use the following to assist you with the writing of your introductory paragraph: †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Developing and Organizing a Paragraph †¢ MyFoundationsLab: The Topic Sentence †¢ MyFoundationsLab: Recognizing a Paragraph Introductory Paragraph: Since I have started college, I have set myself up for high standards. My wife and I have talked many times about the importance of me wanting to go to college so I have an understanding support system. Ever since I enrolled at University of Phoenix I have received many helpful resources. These resources first helped point me in the right direction not only for academics but also in my future with locating the right job for my personality. I could see what jobs matched my personality and compare them to the jobs I wanted to take before I joined the university and I saw that the results were close to the same. The university’s resources then helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses. Whereas I plan to continue to practice my strengths that I already knew I had, I can make my weaknesses that I never thought about into strengths as well. Finally, the resources allowed me to set up SMART goals in which to help further my education by breaking down what I need to study further into detail in order to succeed in my classes. Not only has the University of Phoenix helped set up goals while I am studying, but also it has helped me identify SMART goals, which will help me to enhance myself for the professional world.

C-Section Essay -- Cesarean Section Pregnancy Birth Birthing Methods

Over the years birthing methods have changed a great deal. When technology wasn’t so advanced there was only one method of giving birth, vaginally non-medicated. However, in today’s society there are now more than one method of giving birth. In fact, there are three methods: Non-medicated vaginal delivery, medicated vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, also known as c-section. In the cesarean delivery there is not much to prepare for before the operation, except maybe the procedure of the operation. A few things that will be discussed are: the process of cesarean delivery, reasons for this birthing method and a few reasons for why this birthing method is used. Also a question that many women have is whether or not they can vaginally deliver after a cesarean delivery, as well as the risks and benefits if it. Delivering a child by a c-section also has a few advantages and disadvantages for both the mother and child; this will also be discussed in more depth a bit late r.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unlike vaginal birth delivery, the process of a cesarean delivery is quite different, but just as safe as giving vaginal birth (Taylor, 1). When delivering a baby using the cesarean method, there are two ways anesthetic can be used. The women can be put into an unconscious state using the anesthetic, therefore she will be asleep during the entire operation and her coach may not be present. The other way for the anesthetic to be used would be in an epidural or spinal block to temporarily numb the woman from her waist down. In this case the mother will be awake and her coach may be present to give her extra support. Once the anesthetic is working, an incision is made in the abdomen either horizontally or vertically, depending on the reason for the cesarean delivery. A vertical incision is made when the baby is in trouble and needs to be out as quickly as possible, when there is more time the horizontal incision is used. The baby is then lifted out of the uterus and gone for the APGAP procedure. The placenta is then removed and the mother’s reproductive organs are examined before closing the incision (Taylor, 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cesarean birthing method can be voluntary as well as involuntary. When a cesarean is chosen in advance it is usually because the mother has a history of infection, which could be transmitted to the baby when it is delivered through the birth canal; the mother has severe to... ...as than others. The oldest source was the textbook Infants and Children. The other three sources were from the Internet written in 1996. Doctors wrote two of the articles and the other one was from the health information for Lenox Hill Hospital. I believe that overtime birthing methods have changed and have alternative ways to proceed, however, the cesarean delivery is pretty much the same procedure and cannot really be changed in any way, which means that the information given will be basically the same. Cesarean delivery is not as complicated as many people may think. The process is very safe and quick. It is most commonly used in emergency situations and when vaginal delivery is not option. When it’s planned in advance it’s in the best interest for the mother and baby. Vaginal birth after cesarean is possible if the incision made was a horizontal cut, but there are still risks to be considered. There are advantages and disadvantages to the baby and mother, that does not mean the procedure is not safe. The disadvantages are not life threatening and are minor issues that time will heal. Next to vaginal non-medicated birth I believe that cesarean delivery is the next best thing.

Downstream Petroleum Industry

Downstream – From Refinery to Customer The downstream sector encompasses the refining, storage, distribution and marketing of petroleum products: †¢Refining Process: Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products; †¢Storage: The products from the refining process are stored at depots via pipeline, land (trucks & rail) and sea (barge/vessel). These storage facilities are also called tank farms or terminals †¢Distribution and Marketing: Petroleum products are distributed from storage locations to the end-user directly or through retail outlets The major products produced by a refinery are, Kerosene, Premium Motor Spirit (â€Å"PMS† – Gasoline), Automotive Gas Oil (Diesel), Fuel Oils, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Lubricating Oils, Naphtha and Tar Figure 1. – Schematic Representation of the Downstream Business ? The Nigerian Downstream Sector The Federal Government of Nigeria (â€Å"FGN†) participates in the activities of the oil industry (upstream and downstream) as well as actively supervising it due to its strategic importance to the economy. In the downstream industry, FGN regulates and participates through the following agencies / bodies: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (â€Å"NNPC†) –NNPC has powers and operational interest in refining, petrochemicals, product transportation and marketing. NNPC has nine wholly-owned subsidiaries, two partly owned subsidiaries and nineteen associated companies that manage the upstream and downstream activities. Those relevant to the downstream business are the Pipeline & Products Marketing Company (â€Å"PPMC), Kaduna Refining & Petrochemicals Company Limited (â€Å"KRPC†), Warri Refining & Petrochemicals Limited (â€Å"WRPC†) and Port Harcourt Refining & Petrochemicals Limited. Department of Petroleum Resources (â€Å"DPR†) – DPR is an arm of the Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources and has responsibilities for the following: †¢Issuing of permits and licenses for all activities connected with petroleum exploration, production, refining, storage, marketing, transportation and distribution; Acting as an agency for the enforcement of the provisions of the petroleum Act, NNPC Art or any other enactment. Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) – The PPPRA came to being from a Special Committee that was set up to review Petroleum Products Supply and Distribution (SCRPPSD) drawn from various stakeholders and other interest groups to look in to the problems of the downstream petroleum sector. The functions of PPPA are: †¢To determine the pricing policy of petroleum products; To regulate the supply and distribution of petroleum products †¢To create an information databank through liaison with all relevant agencies to facilitate the making of informed and realistic decisions on pricing policies †¢To moderate volatilities in petroleum products prices, while ensuring reasonable returns to operators †¢To establish parameters and codes of conduct for all operators in the downstream sector. Petroleum Equalisation Fund (PEF) – The PEF fund board was established to equalize the transport cost arising from the distribution of petroleum products to all parts of the country i. . the cost of transporting products from source to point of sales. This is to ensure that petroleum products are made available in all retail outlets at uniform prices in Nigeria, and to avoid shortage of petroleum products. Petrole um Subsidy Fund (PSF) – is a pool of funds budgeted by FGN to stabilise the domestic prices of petroleum products against the volatility in international crude and products prices. CBN is the custodian of the fund, while PPPRA administers it. Claims from / payment into the fund is subjected to duly verified volume of products lifted out of the approved depot and sold in-line with recommended open market prices. ? Marketing Companies The Nigerian downstream industry is comprised of two groups of marketing companies: Major Marketers – The companies in this group include AP Plc, Conoil Plc, Mobil Oil Plc, OANDO Plc, Total Nigeria Plc and Chevron Oil Nigeria Plc and accounted for 71% of total petroleum products sold. They belong to trade association called Major Oil Marketers Association of Nigeria (MOMAN). Independent Marketers – The Independent marketers, comprises largely indigenous petroleum marketing companies. The FGN introduced the Independent Marketing Scheme in 1978 because of petroleum products shortage of the 1970s and the lack of sufficient investment by major marketing companies in the rural areas. This led to the establishment of the Independent Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN) in 1982. Membership is open to every independent marketer duly licensed and authorised to operate by the NNPC or other appropriate organisation in charge of this function. The trade group of these companies is referred to as the independent Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN). Examples of Independent marketers are Zenon Petroleum, Capital Oil & Gas and Ascon Oil & Gas. OANDO Marketing Limited (â€Å"OML†) Oando Marketing Limited one of the companies within the Oando Plc group, is a leading oil and gas marketing company with over 500 retail outlets and a commercial clientele base that cuts across all industry sectors such as manufacturing, construction, oil & gas and telecommunications in Nigeria and the West Africa sub region. OML has been in the business of marketing and supply of petroleum products since 1956. OML markets a wide range of products including Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas Oil (AGO also known as Diesel), Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK), Aviation Turbine Kerosene(ATK), Low Pour Fuel Oil (LPFO), Lubricating Oils and Greases, Insecticides, Bitumen, Chemicals, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG, also known as Cooking gas) and Oando insecticide Products and Uses AGO – fuel for some vehicles and marine vessels as well as for powering generators; PMS – fuel for most vehicles; DPK – fuel for cooking stove and used as a solvent to produce specialized products for road construction; ATK – fuel for aircraft; LPFO – fuel for power generation and for heating; Lubricants – lubricating oil for vehicles and equipments; Bitumen – used in the construction industry for paving roads; LPG – used as cooking and heating gas. Departments The departments in OML can be classified under the following: Core – Retail, Commercial, Marketing, Operations & Logistics and Engineering & Terminal. Support – Finance, Corporate Services (HR, HCM, Legal and Procurement & Services), ICA, EHSQ, Service Standards and Corporate & Marketing Communications. ? Retail Business Management and sales of Oando products to customers via sales outlets (over 500) nationwide is the function of the retail department. The sales focus is centred on the Total White Products (PMS, AGO and HHK), while Lubricants, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Insecticide sales provide a diversified revenue source for the team. Structure Sales is managed by Branch Managers located across the country, with each having responsibility over specific territories referred to as branches. Their activities are coordinated by Branch Coordination Managers and the department is led by the Chief Sales Officer – Retail, with overall responsibility for all activities. Retail Outlets †¢Company Owned Service Station (â€Å"COSS†) – The stations under this category are owned by OML and dealers are appointed to operate the stations on OML’s behalf. †¢Third Party Owned – These are outlets owned by third parties, which carry OML’s colour and brand. OML’s main responsibility is to supply these outlets with petroleum products and on their part the owners of the outlets agree to operate in accordance to standards agreed by both parties. There are two types of third party outlets: oGallonage – The stations and equipment under this category are fully owned by the third parties, while OML brands the outlets and supply products to it. oLoan Delivery and Equipment (â€Å"LDE†) – Here, OML provides equipments such as pumps, generators and canopies, as well as branding and supply of products. The retail outlets also serve as business opportunities via Non-Fuel Revenue (NFR) activities (such as Quick Service Restaurants) that maximize the returns on shareholders investments, improve asset utilisation and maximize our medium-long term capital gains. Commercial Department The core function of the commercial department is the sale of products (AGO, PMS, DPK, ATK, LPFO, Lubricants, Bitumen and LPG) to large volume end users hinged on effective relationship management. Sales are usually made in bulk to clients most often on pre-determined trade terms basis. Structure Sales is managed by Branch Managers located across the country, with each having responsibility over specific territories referred to as branches. Their activities are coordinated by Commercial Service Managers, based in the head office in Lagos. The department is led by the Chief Sales Officer, with overall responsibility for the activities above as well as for the below-mentioned specialized units: †¢Marine Unit – sale of petroleum products to (and management of relationship) upstream oil & gas companies as well as their service providers; Aviation Unit – sale of ATK and management of relationship with airlines. Services The commercial department offer a arrange of services in conjunction to the products it markets as it realized that customers want much more than just the products. Examples of such services include: Vendor Managed Inventory (â€Å"VMI†) Scheme – The Oando In-Support scheme (our in-house model of the VMI) is a means of opt imizing customers supply chain, whereby Oando becomes responsible for maintaining the inventory level of petroleum products at its customers’ location. The major benefit of this to the customer is that it can focus on its core function while Oando manages petroleum products inventory. For Oando, the VMI scheme allows it to secure Oando Sea Station – This is a Ship-to-Shore and Shore-to-Ship service station that provides fuels and lubricants for shipping companies, marine logistics companies operating in the Niger-Delta coastline as well as energy services organizations providing support to the upstream exploration and production companies operating in deep water coastal shores of Nigeria. Supply Contract – This service allows customers the opportunity to enjoy a fairly stable price regime at a committed volume over a period of time. It is a modified form of In-support suitable for customers whose operations cannot permit full inventory take over. Marketing The core function of the marketing department is to initiate business deals and provide platforms to enable the sales departments (retail & commercial) effectively achieve their goals and objectives. Structure The department is led by the Head, Marketing with overall responsibility for the following units: Lubricants Unit: The Lubricants unit is responsible for marketing Oando’s lubricants by creating product awareness through marketing promotions and supporting sales drive of lubricants in line with Oando’s goals and objectives. The unit also develops a high calibre technical sales support function while ensuring product quality assurance, cost management and service delivery to customers. A core responsibility of this unit is constantly identifying and initiating new/additional product lines for various target consumer markets. LPG Unit: – The LPG Unit is primarily aimed at sourcing for product, providing support and devising innovative selling methods to the sales team to ensure they meet their volume and margin targets as well as satisfying their customers’ needs. The team also provides the sales team with market intelligence to ensure that they strategically positioned to make sales. The unit, in addition, serves as an interface between the sales team and other support units within the organization i. e. Logistics, CCU, Engineering and EHSQ. Non-Fuel Revenue (NFR) Unit: – The Non-Fuels Revenue (NFR) unit is a strategic initiative developed to complement the shrinking margins on sales of fuel products and tap into the emerging opportunities of Non-fuel business from Retail outlets. Non-fuel offerings in retail outlets can also serve as a customer pull to increase fuel sales. Some NFR offerings include: Quick Service Restaurants (â€Å"QSR†), Automatic Teller Machines, Rent contribution from dormant assets (warehouses and offices), Income from Telecom Mast sites, revamp and increase lube bay rentals & lubes contribution to stations and car wash operation. Bulk Products Unit – The Bulk unit is responsible for developing and executing marketing plans to support the sales team in achieving their objectives in the sales of Bitumen and LPFO. The unit provides useful information about the construction sector of the economy, market trends, competitors’ activities and consumer preferences that helps in taking business decisions. It also provides back-end support for improving the quality of service delivery in our Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) concept. ? Operations & Logistics Department The Operations & Logistics (â€Å"O&L†) department is primarily responsible for product sourcing and distribution to customers. O&L is also responsible for product storage via warehouses and LPG Plants, and Lubricants blending via the Kaduna Lubricants Plant (â€Å"KLP†). Management of products at the terminals is handled by Engineering & Terminals department. Structure The department is structured into four units, each with a head responsible for activities in the unit. Overall departmental responsibility is with the General Manager, Operations & Logistics. Logistics oInbound – supply planning and product receipt; oTrade Procurement & Products – product sourcing; oOutbound – handles product received from NNPC depots; oFleet – Management of relationship with transporters. †¢Customer Care Unit oScheduling – handle delivery request and schedule the trucks; oDispatch – prepare the trucks for trips; oFleet – work with th e transporters; oCall Center – handle inquiries and complaints. †¢Warehouse & LPG Plant oWarehouse – storage locations for Lubricants and Oando Insecticide before final distribution to customers. Lubricants are received at the warehouses from KLP, while with Oando Insecticide (currently being imported), product is received into Apapa for distribution other warehouses. Currently, OML has 14 warehouses across the county. oLPG Filing Plants – storage locations for LPG. Currently OML has 7 plants across the country. †¢Kaduna Lube Plant – consists of two blending plants both located in Kaduna with combined capacity of 55 million litres per annum producing various range of lubricant products for commercial and retail customers. Terminals & Engineering Department The Engineering & Terminals department is responsible for managing infrastructural assets across board inclusive of the operations at storage terminals. Structure There are two main units: †¢Terminals – are storage locations (exclusive of warehouses and LPG Plants) where products are received, stored and eventually distributed. The following are the terminals owned by OML: oApapa Terminal 1; oApapa Terminal 2; oApapa Joint Venture (with Total Nigeria Plc); oOnne Terminal, Port Harcourt; oPort Harcourt Terminal. Each of these locations is headed by a Terminal Manager TM who reports to the Head of Terminals & Engineering. OML also stores product at third party locations such as Lister. Currently, Oando Terminals has capacity for holding various products as follows: oPMS – 80 Million Litres; oAGO – 33 Million Litres; oLPFO – 5. 67 Million Litres; oHHK – 5 Million Litres; oBitumen – 10,000 Metric Tonnes. †¢Engineering – execution of capital projects and maintenance of equipments and facilities. The activities in this unit are grouped as shown below: oProject – oversees capital projects less than N100M oRetail Network Maintenance – oversees maintenance and deployment of retail outlet equipment Retail Facility Maintenance – oversees maintenance of retail outlet infrastructure oTerminal & Depot Maintenance – oversees maintenance of facilities and equipments at terminals and depots Support Departments Environment, Health, Safety, Security and Quality Assurance (â€Å"EHSSQ†) – reduce operational and accident cost, elimi nate down time, ensure total compliance with regulatory and statutory requirements, deliver world class quality products and services to enhance customer satisfaction, while guarantying sustainable development in line with the Oando vision. Internal Control & Audit (â€Å"ICA†) – safeguarding OML’s assets, ensuring operational efficiency, ensuring compliance with applicable laws and regulations and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting. Service Standards – ensures and monitors service standards across various locations. Finance – provide OML with financial support for business and operational planning. OML Finance (head office) is divided into three main units namely: oTreasury; oManagement Information System; Financial Control. Corporate Services – supports OML business via the following services: oLegal – provide OML with cost-effective and efficient legal services support to and manage the inherent risks in OML’s businesses; oProcurement – assist OML in the acquisition of goods and services; oHuman Resource – provide OML with effective people management solutions. Marketing Communications – promote OML’s marketi ng initiatives through strategic product promotion and sales promotion.

Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay - 1943 Words

Bowlbys Attachment Theory Findings form animal studies were a powerful influence on Bowlbys thoughts. He suggested too that there was a critical period for the development of attachments between infant and care giver. According to Bowlby infants display an innate tendency to become attached to one particular individual. He called this monotropy. He suggested this tendency was qualitatively different from any subsequent attachment a child might form. However, he did not suggest monotropy was absolute but that the child has a hierarchy of attachments. Bowlby thought that if a child was deprived of their mother between 6 months and five years of age then this would lead to difficulties in†¦show more content†¦In 1973 the leading attachment psychologist, Mary Ainsworth, pointed out that Attachment is an affectional tie that one person forms to another person, binding them together in space, and enduring over time. Deprivation can occur when there is insufficient opportunity for interaction with a mother figure (privation), when there is insufficient interaction with mother (masked deprivation), or when there are repeated breaches of ties with mother figures. In 1949, the World Health Organisation became concerned about the number of homeless children, or children who were growing up in institutions as a result of the war years. They commissioned Bowlby to look into this matter, and to report to them whether these children were likely to be suffering from their experiences, and what the best kind of upbringing for such children was. Bowlby concluded that a warm intimate and continuing relationship with a mother figure is an essential precondition for mental health. Maternal deprivation or a disturbed emotional attachment between mother and child was said to cause irreparable damage, not only to the child but also to society as a whole. He stated (1951) deprived children, whether in their own homes or not, are a source of social infection as real and serious as are carriers of diphtheria and typhoid. Bowlbys report to the WHO had a great deal of influence among healthShow MoreRelatedBowlbys Theory Of Attachment1378 Words   |  6 Page sBowlby (1969) and his theory of attachment: An example of an extreme nature theorist is Bowlby (1969) and his theory of attachment. Bowlby believed that all mental health and behavioural problems could be linked to early childhood health. Bowlby’s theory suggests that all children are biologically pre-programmed to form relationships and attachments with others before they are even born for survival and that the fear of strangers in babies and young children represents an important survival mechanismRead MoreBowlbys Attachment Theory And Attachment1274 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Simply Psychology, Bowlby’s attachment theory says an individual can have an attachment with someone that is not shared. Attachment is characterized by behaviors in children such as seeking proximity with their attachment figure when upset. Bowlby’s experiments led him to see the importance of a child and mother relationship. (Saul McLeod, 2009) With more research later came four phases of attachment. Phase one is from birth to two months, this stage is where babies seek comfort, andRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Theories of Attachment Theory949 Words   |  4 Pagesdo not develop in a void or as â€Å"individual monadsâ €  but as members of interacting systems. Bowlby developed his theory on attachment for several decades, and at a time where any dealings with childhood trauma were still rigorously influenced by Freudian psychoanalysis through the likes of psychoanalysts such Anna Freud or Melanie Klein. Even Winnicott was â€Å"revulsed† upon reading Bowlbys papers (siegel). It certainly was a bitter pill to swallow for psychoanalysts who had been repeating since FreudRead MoreModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesModifications of Bowlbys Attachment Theory Bowlbys original theory of attachment was concerned with the bonding relationship that develops between an infant and his primary caregiver. He believed the process of bonding to have a biological basis as the genes of those infants who successfully sought the protection of a caregiver (from predators and other dangers) will have survived and been passed on. Bowlby also formulated the Maternal Deprivation hypothesis (1953)Read MoreBowlby’s Attachment Theory Essay example1156 Words   |  5 PagesBowlby’s attachment theory has greatly influenced practice. His theory of attachment explains the importance of having a figure that the child shares a strong bond with. Having an attachment can significantly support a child’s development as Barbara Woods suggests that â€Å"his theory of attachment proposed that attachment is innate in both infants and mothers, and that the formation of this attachment is crucial for the infants development† Wood, B (2001, p.53). Bowlby believed that forming an attachmentRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Attachment Theory Essay2161 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Bowlby’s attachment theory established that an infant’s earliest relationship with their primary caregiver or mother shaped their later development and characterized their human life, â€Å"from the cradle to the grave† (Bowlby, 1979, p. 129). The attac hment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their self-esteem, well-being and the romantic relationships that they form. Bowlby’s attachment theory had extensive research done by Mary Ainsworth, who studied the mother-infantRead MoreLearning Theory Of Attachment And The Other Being Bowlbys Evolution Theory1692 Words   |  7 Pageslater life. Attachment theories are studied and the effect of no attachment or disrupted attachment is studied and aimed to be resolved. John Bowlby defined attachment as the emotional and physical connection that makes two people stay close to one another. It is between children and their primary caregivers (Psychologistworld.com, 2016). This essay will discuss and evaluate two theories of attachment: one being Dollard and Miller’s learning theory of attachment and the other being Bowlby’s evolutionRead MoreJohn Bowlbys Path to Developing the Attachment Theory Essay593 Words   |  3 Pagesmany different theories on this subject, but a well-known theory is the Attachment Theory written by John Bowlby in the mid-twentieth century. John Bowlby born on February 26, 1907, was a twentieth century psychologist who contributed too many modern day psychoanalytic theories. At a young age he hardly saw his mother due to the fact that she believed, like many other mothers at that time, affection and attention would lead to spoiling of the child. So he developed a deep attachment to his nanny sinceRead MoreHow Has Bowlby’s Original Formulation of Attachment Theory Essay example2374 Words   |  10 PagesBowlby’s (1946) original formulation of attachment theory drew upon both psychoanalytic and ethol ogical theory and generated a significant amount of subsequent research. The core principle behind Bowlby’s theory was that the formation of a stable, healthy attachment with a caregiver in the early years of life is the key for an infants’ future emotional, social and cognitive development. Bowlby explained that this primary attachment relationship develops because infants need a mechanism to ensureRead MoreBowlbys Theory of Attachments854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Bowlby’s Theory Attachment is a strong and emotional bond that develops over time between two individuals that is reciprocal. 1. THE THEORY * Bowlby’s theory suggests that attachment is evolutionary and is needed to aid survival. * He did observational research to link orphans with psychological damage. * Babies are helpless and rely on adults. They make instinctive decisions because they haven’t actually learnt anything yet. Bowlby said that babies must be genetically programmed